Clinical effects of free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap combined with artificial dermis and split-thickness skin graft in the treatment of degloving injury in lower extremity / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To observe the clinical effects of free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap combined with artificial dermis and split-thickness skin graft in the treatment of degloving injury in lower limbs. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. From December 2017 to December 2020, 8 patients with large skin and soft tissue defect caused by degloving injury in lower extremity were admitted to Ningbo No.6 Hospital, including 5 males and 3 females, aged from 39 to 75 years, with wound area of 25 cm×12 cm-61 cm×34 cm. The free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap with latissimus dorsi muscle in the width of 12-15 cm and flap area of 20 cm×8 cm-32 cm×8 cm was used to repair the skin and soft tissue defect of bone/tendon exposure site or functional area. The other defect was repaired with bilayer artificial dermis, and the flap donor site was sutured directly. After the artificial dermis was completely vascularized, the split-thickness skin graft from thigh was excised and extended at a ratio of 1∶2 to 1∶4 and then transplanted to repair the residual wound, and the donor site of skin graft was treated by dressing change. The survival of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, artificial dermis, and split-thickness skin graft after operation was observed, the interval time between artificial dermis transplantation and split-thickness skin graft transplantation was recorded, and the healing of donor site was observed. The appearance and function of operative area were followed up. At the last outpatient follow-up, the sensory recovery of flap was evaluated by British Medical Research Council evaluation criteria, the flap function was evaluated by the comprehensive evaluation standard of flap in Operative Hand Surgery, the scar of lower limb skin graft area and thigh skin donor area was evaluated by Vancouver scar scale, and the patient's satisfaction with the curative effects was asked. Results: The latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap survived in 6 patients, while the distal tip of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap was partially necrotic in 2 patient and was repaired by skin grafting after resection at split-thickness skin grafting. The artificial dermis survived in all 8 patients after transplantation. The split-thickness skin graft survived in 7 patients, while partial necrosis of the split-thickness skin graft occurred in one patient and was repaired by skin grafting again. The interval time between artificial dermis transplantation and split-thickness skin graft transplantation was 15-26 (20±5) d. The donor site of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap healed with linear scar after operation, and the thigh skin graft donor site healed with scar after operation. The patients were followed up for 6-18 (12.5±2.3) months. The color and elasticity of the flap were similar to those of the surrounding skin tissue, and the lower limb joint activity returned to normal. There was no increase in linear scar at the back donor site or obvious hypertrophic scar at the thigh donor site. At the last outpatient follow-up, the sensation of the flap recovered to grade S2 or S3; 3 cases were excellent, 4 cases were good, and 1 case was fair in flap function; the Vancouver scar scale score of lower limb skin graft area was 4-7 (5.2±0.9), and the Vancouver scar scale score of thigh skin donor area was 1-5 (3.4±0.8). The patients were fairly satisfied with the curative effects. Conclusions: In repairing the large skin and soft tissue defect from degloving injury in lower extremity, to cover the exposed bone/tendon or functional area with latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap and the residual wound with artificial dermis and extended split-thickness skin graft is accompanied by harvest of small autologous flap and skin graft, good recovery effect of functional area after surgery, and good quality of healing in skin grafted area.

Efficacy of free superficial circumflex iliac artery flap combined with anterolateral thigh flap for repairing large skin defect of the hand / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of free superficial circumflex iliac artery flap combined with anterolateral thigh flap in repairing large skin defect of the hand.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 9 patients with large skin defect of the hand admitted to Ningbo No.6 Hospital from January 2016 to December 2019，including 7 males and 2 females，aged 31-63 years［（45.3±5.6）years］. The area of skin defect reanged from 20 cm×15 cm to 25 cm×20 cm. One side of the superficial circumflex iliac artery flap and the contralateral anterolateral thigh flap were used for repair. Both recipient and donor sites were sutured at the first stage. The ilioinguinal region and thigh donor region were sutured directly. The area of superficial circumflex iliac artery flap was from 19 cm×6 cm to 23 cm ×10 cm and that of anterolateral thigh flap was 19 cm×9 cm to 23 cm×8 cm. The flap survival，healing of donor and recipient area and complications were observed. At 1，6 and 12 months after operation，the function of the flap was evaluated by the late functional evaluation criteria of the flap，hand function by the upper limb functional evaluation criteria of the Chinese Medical Association，and scar condition of the donor site by Vancouver Scar Scale（VVS）. At the last follow-up，the color，elasticity，appearance and scar of the donor site were observed.Results:All patients were followed up for 6-18 months［（12.5±2.3）months］. All flaps survived successfully. All patients achieved donor-site healing at the first stage，except that one patient experienced incision dehiscence in the thigh donor site after operation and healed after the second stage suture. The texture and appearance of the flaps were good. The flap in 5 patients was obviously bloated. Therefore，the secondary skin flap repair was selected，and the appearance was significantly improved after operation. Scores for function of the flap and the hand were improved over time（ P<0.05）. At 12 months after operation，the function of the flap was excellent in 3 patients，good in 4 and fair in 2，with the excellent and good rate of 78%；the result of hand function was excellent in 3 patients，good in 3 and fair in 3，with the excellent and good rate of 67%. The VVS score of the donor site decreased from（9.7±1.3）points at postoperative 1 month to（5.7±0.9）points at postoperative 6 months and（3.4±0.8）points at postoperative 12 months（ P<0.05）. At the latest follow-up，the color and elasticity of the flap was similar to that of the surrounding skin tissue，only with slight bloating；the scar of the donor site was small. Conclusions:The free superficial circumflex iliac artery flap combined with anterolateral thigh flap can cover large skin defect of the hand at one time，with good appearance and texture of the flap. The appearance and function of the wounded hand are good after operation，leaving only linear scar in the donor site.

Effect of infiltrating nasal packing with local anesthetics in postoperative pain and anxiety following sinonasal surgeries: a systemic review and meta-analysis / Efeito do tamponamento nasal infiltrado com anestésicos locais na dor e ansiedade pós-operatórias após cirurgias nasosinusais: revisão sistêmica e metanálise

Abstract Introduction: Packing of the nasal cavity has traditionally been used for postoperative bleeding control and decreasing synechia formation in patients undergoing nasal surgeries. Although absorbable nasal packing has been gaining popularity in the recent years, nonabsorbable nasal packing is still often used in nasal surgeries in various parts of the world. It is known to be associated with pain and discomfort especially upon and during removal, and previous reviews have only evaluated the effects of local anesthetic infiltration of nasal packing in septal surgeries. Objective: To evaluate the effect of infiltrating nasal packing with local anesthetics in postoperative pain and anxiety following sinonasal surgeries Materials and methods: We searched the PubMed and Embase databases from their earliest record to April 27, 2019, randomized controlled trials and prospective controlled trials for review, and included only randomized controlled trials for data analysis. We included studies using topical anesthetics-infiltrated nasal packing following sinonasal surgeries and evaluated the effectiveness compared to placebo packing in pain reduction during postoperative follow up, as well as the effectiveness in anxiety reduction. Results: Among 15 studies included for review, 9 studies involving 765 participants contributed to the meta-analysis. In terms of pain reduction, our analysis showed significant standard mean differences regarding effectiveness at postoperative 1, 12, 24 h interval for all surgical groups combined, in the sinus surgery group, as well as during nasal packing removal. There was no consistent evidence to support the effectiveness in anxiety reduction. Conclusions: Our study supports anesthetics infiltration of nasal packing as an effective method in managing pain in patients with nasal packing after sinonasal surgeries. However, the level of evidence is low. More high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to establish its effectiveness in reducing anxiety. We believe this review is of great clinical significance due to the vast patient population undergoing sinonasal surgeries. Postoperative local hemorrhage remains the greatest concern for ear nose and throat surgeons due to the rich vasculature of the nose and sinuses. Sinonasal packing provides structural support and serves as an important measure for hemostasis and synechia formation. Although absorbable packing has been gaining popularity in the recent years, nonabsorable packing materials are still used in many countries due to lower cost. Infiltration of nasal packing with local anesthetic provides a solution to the discomfort, nasal pressure and nasal pain experienced commonly by the patients as evidenced by our analysis.

Resumo Introdução: O tamponamento da cavidade nasal tem sido usado tradicionalmente para controle do sangramento pós-operatório e diminuição da formação de sinéquia em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias nasais. Embora o tamponamento nasal absorvível tenha ganhado popularidade nos últimos anos, o tampão nasal não absorvível ainda é frequentemente usado em várias partes do mundo. Sabe-se que o tamponamento está associado a dor e desconforto, especialmente na sua remoção, e revisões anteriores avaliaram apenas os efeitos do tampão com anestésico local em cirurgias do septo nasal. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do tamponamento nasal infiltrado com anestésicos locais na dor e ansiedade pós-operatórias após cirurgias nasosinusais. Material e métodos: Para a revisão, pesquisamos nos bancos de dados PubMed e Embase desde o registro mais antigo até 27 de abril de 2019, incluímos ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados, a ensaios clínicos prospectivos controlados e apenas ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados para análise de dados. Incluímos estudos que usaram tamponamento nasal infiltrado com anestésicos tópicos após cirurgias nasosinusais e avaliamos a eficácia em comparação com o tamponamento com placebo na redução da dor durante o acompanhamento pós-operatório, bem como os efeitos na redução da ansiedade. Resultados: Entre os 15 estudos incluídos, 9, que envolveram 765 participantes, contribuíram para a metanálise. Em termos de redução da dor, nossa análise mostrou diferenças médias padrão significantes em relação à eficácia no pós-operatório nos intervalos de 1, 12, 24 horas para todos os grupos cirúrgicos combinados, no grupo da cirurgia sinusal e durante a remoção do tamponamento nasal. Não houve evidências consistentes para apoiar a eficácia na redução da ansiedade. Conclusões: Nosso estudo apoia o uso de tamponamentos nasais infiltrados com anestésicos locais como um método eficaz no tratamento da dor em pacientes após cirurgias nasosinusais. No entanto, o nível de evidência é baixo. São necessários mais ensaios clínicos randomizados de alta qualidade para estabelecer sua eficácia na redução da ansiedade. Acreditamos que esta revisão seja de grande significado clínico devido à vasta população submetida a cirurgias nasosinusais. A hemorragia local pós-operatória continua a ser a maior preocupação para os cirurgiões otorrinolaringológicos devido à rica vasculatura do nariz e seios nasais. O tamponamento nasosinusal fornece suporte estrutural e serve como uma medida importante para a hemostasia e formação de sinéquias. Embora o tamponamento absorvível tenha ganhado popularidade nos últimos anos, os materiais de tamponamento não absorvíveis ainda são usados em muitos países devido ao menor custo. A infiltração do tamponamento nasal com anestésicos locais fornece uma solução para desconforto, pressão e dor nasal comumente referida pelos pacientes, como evidenciado por nossa análise.

Effect of Modified Shaoyao Gancao Tang on MPTP-induced Parkinson's Disease Model Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of modified Shaoyao Gancao Tang on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease model mice. Method:The sixty C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, Madopar group (50 mg·kg-1) and low, medium and high doses modified Shaoyao Gancao Tang (1,2,4 g·kg-1). The modeling method was to intraperitoneally inject C57/BL6 mice with MPTP(40 mg·kg-1) once a day for 7 days. Except normal group and model group were given normal saline daily,drug-administered group was intragastrical administered once a day, and the third day after the drug was administered according to the above method (except normal group). The behavior of each group of mice (climbing test, swimming test, and tail suspension test) was examined up to 15 days after administration. Subsequently, the levels of Cystatin-C (Cys-C) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in the serum of each group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in striatum of each group were detected by spectrophotometry. The protein expression of α-synuclein (α-syn), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH),B lymphoma-2 gene (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 related X protein (Bax) in the striatum of each group was detected by Western blot. Result:Compared with normal group, the swimming experiment scores and suspension experiments scores in the behavioral experiments of model group mice were significantly lower (PPPPPPPα-syn and Bax expression in striatum were significantly increased (PPPPPPPPα-syn and Bax expression in striatum were significantly decreased (PPPPPPPPα-syn expression and Bax expression in the striatum were significantly decreased (PConclusion:The neuroprotective effect of modified Shaoyao Gancao Tang on MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model mice may be achieved by inhibiting oxidative damage and apoptosis.

Preparation and Application of Ornidazole Magnetic Imprinted Polymers with Dual Functional Monomers / 分析化学

The magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers ( MMIPs ) was synthesiZed by suspension polymers technique using ornidaZole ( ONZ) as template, and methacrylic acid ( MAA) and acrylamide ( AA) as the binary functional monomers.The MMIPs were characteriZed by means of scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) , Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ( FT-IR ) , vibrating sample magnetometer ( VSM ) , thermogravimetric analysis ( TGA) and ultraviolet-visible ( UV-Vis) spectrophotometer.The results indicated that the adsorption capacity of MMIPs using the binary functional monomers to ONZ was higher than that using single functional monomer or that of its structural analogues.The Scatchard plot revealed that the template polymer system had a two-site binding behavior and the MMIPs exhibited the maximum rebinding to ONZ at 48.96 μmol/g and 10.60 μmol/g.Combined with high performance liquid chromatographic analysis technology, the prepared MMIPs were successfully applied to extract and enrich trace nitroimidaZoles from river water samples with recoveries range of 85.4%-104.3%.The precision of the results was good, and the manipulation of the developed method was simple and fast comparing to other methods.

Global outbreaks of human trichinellosis / 中国人兽共患病学报

Outbreak of trichinellosis belongs to the sudden public health events,with number of hazards and social influence,and is a serious threat to people's health and the social order stability.Through literature search,we collected the global outbreaks of human trichinellosis in recent years,focused on analyzing outbreak areas,cause of the outbreak,kind of infected meat,the number of cases,the genus of Trichinella and migration,diagnostic methods,etc.,in order to further prevent and control trichinellosis and to provide the important theoretical reference basis.

Nursing intervention of acupuncture plus rehabilitation training on patients with hemiplegia after stroke / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study the nursing intervention of acupuncture plus rehabilitation training on patients with hemiplegia after stroke. Methods 60 patients with hemiplegia after stroke from February 2016 to January 2017 were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, each with 30 cases. The control group was given routine treatment and nursing measures, the patients in the experimental group were received acupuncture treatment plus rehabilitation training, and given specific nursing intervention measures, the psychological state of patients with attention, eliminating the patient anxiety and anxiety and other negative emotions, explaining to patients patiently, rehabilitation training guide patients. Clinical indicators of two groups of patients were compared and analyzed. Results After treatment, the total score of quality of life of patients in the experimental group was (75.2±11.2) points, the control group quality of life in patients was (64.2±9.3) points, the effective rate of the experimental group (90.00%) was significantly higher than (70.00%) in the control group with statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture plus rehabilitation training combined with nursing intervention in clinical application of hemiplegia patients after stroke, could significantly improve the quality of life and life ability of patients with high safety and clinical significance.

Resistance on Fasciola hepatica metacercariae / 中国人兽共患病学报

We observed the survival situation after treatments of Fasciola hepatica metacercariae by heating,drying and food seasoning.Results showed that after treating with microwave high fire and boiling water,all the metacercariae died.There were four metacercariae died after putting on the slide and dried them for 24 hours,while two died after attaching on the blade for 40 hours.The metacercariae all survived in the garlic,soy sauce,and vinegar liquid for 10,20 and 30 min;After 10,20 and 30 min soaking in the same amount of mixed liquor of the three kinds of condiments,saturated brine and the liquor of 38°,part of the metacercariae were survival.The rest of the metacercariae showed clear structures,but the bodies did not move with no obvious characteristic of death of metacercariae.Storing for 4 ℃ in the next 10 months,there was still the survival of metacercariae.In conclusion,the commonly used seasoning had no effect on metacercariae.Natural drying for 1-2 days could not completely kill the metacercariae.A low temperature for a long time could maintain vitality.Heating via boiling water for 10 sec or microwave high fire for 30 s could kill metacercariae.

Nursing intervention of acupuncture plus rehabilitation training on patients with hemiplegia after stroke / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study the nursing intervention of acupuncture plus rehabilitation training on patients with hemiplegia after stroke. Methods 60 patients with hemiplegia after stroke from February 2016 to January 2017 were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, each with 30 cases. The control group was given routine treatment and nursing measures, the patients in the experimental group were received acupuncture treatment plus rehabilitation training, and given specific nursing intervention measures, the psychological state of patients with attention, eliminating the patient anxiety and anxiety and other negative emotions, explaining to patients patiently, rehabilitation training guide patients. Clinical indicators of two groups of patients were compared and analyzed. Results After treatment, the total score of quality of life of patients in the experimental group was (75.2±11.2) points, the control group quality of life in patients was (64.2±9.3) points, the effective rate of the experimental group (90.00%) was significantly higher than (70.00%) in the control group with statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture plus rehabilitation training combined with nursing intervention in clinical application of hemiplegia patients after stroke, could significantly improve the quality of life and life ability of patients with high safety and clinical significance.

Resistance on Fasciola hepatica metacercariae / 中国人兽共患病学报

We observed the survival situation after treatments of Fasciola hepatica metacercariae by heating,drying and food seasoning.Results showed that after treating with microwave high fire and boiling water,all the metacercariae died.There were four metacercariae died after putting on the slide and dried them for 24 hours,while two died after attaching on the blade for 40 hours.The metacercariae all survived in the garlic,soy sauce,and vinegar liquid for 10,20 and 30 min;After 10,20 and 30 min soaking in the same amount of mixed liquor of the three kinds of condiments,saturated brine and the liquor of 38°,part of the metacercariae were survival.The rest of the metacercariae showed clear structures,but the bodies did not move with no obvious characteristic of death of metacercariae.Storing for 4 ℃ in the next 10 months,there was still the survival of metacercariae.In conclusion,the commonly used seasoning had no effect on metacercariae.Natural drying for 1-2 days could not completely kill the metacercariae.A low temperature for a long time could maintain vitality.Heating via boiling water for 10 sec or microwave high fire for 30 s could kill metacercariae.

Effects of stent parameters on vascular wall shear stress / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the effects of different stent parameters on the development of restenosis, so as to provide references and basis for the design of stent forms. Methods Stents were categorized into groups according to stent unite length, strut number, strut cross-section diameter, stent depth into fluid, strut cross-section shape. The influence of different parameter settings on wall shear stress distributions was investigated based on three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Results The strut cross-section diameter had the most obvious impact on wall shear stress. It would lead to the increase of low wall shear stress area with shorter stent unite length, more strut number, larger strut cross-section diameter and deeper stent depth into the fluid. In comparison with triangular and square cross-section shape, the low shear stress area was much smaller by using stent with circular cross-section. Conclusions It is suggested that the circular cross-section shape should be adopted in stent design, with preference to reducing strut cross-section diameter, strut number and stent depth into the fluid, while increasing stent unite length.

Establishment of coronary heart disease models of Qi-deficiency and blood-stasis syndrome in rats / 中国中药杂志

To establish Qi-deficiency and blood-stasis syndrome type coronary heart disease models by fatigue running exercise and high ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into sham operation group (JSS), coronary ligation group (DZ), fatigue running exercise+coronary ligation group (PZ). Coronary ligation alone was done in DZ group; while the rats in PZ group had running exercise in on the animal treadmill system for 2 weeks to establish fatigue models, and then coronary ligation was done based on the models. The exhausted running was maintained for 28 days at the frequency of 1 time/2 days after operation. Twenty-eight to thirty-one days after the operation, all the rats were observed for macroscopic physical signs, and ultrasonic echocardiography indexes and breathing extent of the rats were collected to evaluate the main symptoms of rats with Qi-deficiency and blood-stasis syndrome type coronary heart disease; related indexes of open field test, exhaustive running time, and colorimetric analysis data on images of plantar were collected to evaluate the accompanied symptoms; colorimetric analysis data on lingual surface was collected to evaluate the tongue characteristics; pulse distension data was collected to evaluate the pulse condition, and meanwhile, blood rheology and coagulation function were also detected. From the 28th day postoperatively, the main symptoms, accompanied symptoms, tongue characteristics and pulse conditions of rats in PZ group conformed to the symptoms of coronary heart disease and Qi-deficiency and blood-stasis syndrome. Combined with related pathological results, the study revealed that Qi-deficiency and blood-stasis syndrome type coronary heart disease models could be successfully established by fatigue running exercise and high ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery for the rats.

Relative bioavailability of rifampicin in four Chinese fixed-dose combinations compared with rifampicin in free combinations / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Decreases in the bioavailability of rifampicin (RFP) can lead to the development of drug resistance and treatment failure. Therefore, we investigated the relative bioavailability of RFP from one four-drug fixed-dose combination (FDC; formulation A) and three two-drug FDCs (formulations B, C, and D) used in China, compared with RFP in free combinations of these drugs (reference), in healthy volunteers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen and twenty healthy Chinese male volunteers participated in two open-label, randomized two-period crossover (formulations A and C) or one three-period crossover (formulations B and D) study, respectively. The washout period between treatments was 7 days. Bioequivalence was assessed based on 90% confidence intervals, according to two one-sided t-tests. All analyses were done with DAS 3.1.5 (Mathematical Pharmacology Professional Committee of China, Shanghai, China).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mean pharmacokinetic parameter values of RFP obtained for formulations A, B, C, and D products were 11.42 ± 3.41 μg/ml, 7.86 ± 5.78 μg/ml, 13.05 ± 6.80 μg/ml, and 16.18 ± 3.87 μg/ml, respectively, for peak plasma concentration (C max ), 91.43 ± 30.82 μg·h-1·ml-1 , 55.49 ± 37.58 μg·h-1·ml-1 , 96.50 ± 47.24 μg·h-1·ml-1 , 101.47 ± 33.07 μg·h-1·ml-1 , respectively, for area under the concentration-time curve (AUC 0-24 h ).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Although the concentrations of RFP for formulations A, C, and D were within the reported acceptable therapeutic range, only formulation A was bioequivalent to the reference product. The three two-drug FDCs (formulations B, C and D) displayed inferior RFP bioavailability compared with the reference (Chinese Clinical Trials registration number: ChiCTR-TTRCC-12002451).</p>

Effect of selenium, protein and vitamin E deficiency on mRNA expression of rat cardiac selenoprotein / 中国地方病学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of selenium,protein and vitamin E deficiency on mRNA expression of rat cardiac selenoprotein,and their relation with myocardial injury.MethodsForty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:low selenium low protein low vitamin E group(group A),low selenium low protein adequate vitamin E group(group B),adequate selenium adequate protein low vitamin E group(group C),and adequate selenium adequate protein adequate vitamin E group (group D),10 rats in each group.The activity of whole blood glùtathione peroxidase(GSH-Px ) was measured using dithiobis nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) at the end of sixth month experiment.The levels of mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase 1(Gpx1),phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase 4(Gpx4),thioredoxin reductase(TrxR),selenoprotein P(Se-P) and selenoprotein W(Se-W) were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR at the end of sixth month.Histopathological changes of myocardial injury were observed with light microscope.ResultsThe activity of GSH-Px was (44.6 ± 3.1 ),(45.5 ± 1.6),(86.6 ± 2.2),(85.6 ± 1.2)U/L,respectively,in the above four groups at the end of sixth month,and the difference was statistically significant(F =100.7,P ＜ 0.01 ) ; the activity of GSH-Px of groups C and D was higher than that of groups A,B(all P ＜ 0.05).mRNA expression of myocardial tissue of the four groups was as follows,Gpx1(0.099 ± 0.312,0.054 ± 0.007,0.386 ± 0.067,0.340 ± 0.085),Gpx4(1.005 ± 0.089,0.810 ± 0.229,0.895 ± 0.084,0.922 ± 0.399),and Se-W(0.188 ± 0.080,0.119 ± 0.069,0.574 ± 0.167,0.570 ± 0.383),and the difference was statistically significant(F =112.1,3.76,22.8,all P ＜ 0.05) ; the mRNA levels of Gpx1,Se-W of groups C,D were significantly higher than that of groups A,B(all P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA expression of Gpx4 of group A was higher than that of group C(P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA expression of TrxR(0.130 ± 0.037,0.127 ± 0.038,0.134 ± 0.021,0.120 ± 0.014) and Se-P(0.446 ± 0.155,0.413 ± 0.152,0.385 ± 0.041,0.408 ±0.208 ) was not statistically different among the four groups (F =0.91,1.75,all P ＞ 0.05).Pathological changes of myocardial tissue were mainly as foci of coagulative necrosis.The necrosis detection rate of the four groups was 8/10,4/9,2/10,and 1/10,respectively,and the difference was significant statistically(Fisher exact test,P =0.0067).ConclusionsLong-term selenium,protein and vitamin E deficiency will reduce body antioxidant capacity and lead to myocardial injury.The mRNA levels of Gpx1 and Se-W and selenium level are closely related.The mRNA levels of Gpx4,TrxR and Se-P remain relatively stable.

Effects of selenium and protein on cardiac morphology and expression of cellular glutathione peroxidase and mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase in rat myocardium / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To study the effects of selenium(Se) and protein on cardiac morphology and expression of cellular glutathione peroxidase(GPX1 ) and mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase(TR2) in rat myocardial tissue.MethodsSixty healthy weaning male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups by two factors two levels factorial design(n =15).Drinking water was divided into two levels of Se-deficient(0 mg/L) and Se-adequate (0.25 mg/L); diet was divided into two levels of protein-deficeient (10％ protein and 0.008 mg/kg Se) and protein-adequate(20％ protein and 0.015 - 0.026 mg/kg Se).The rats were killed after feeding for one year.Pathological changes in myocardial tissues were observed under light microscope.The expression of GPX1 and TR2 in rat myocardial tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Results Compared between groups,the difference of the rate of myocardial necrosis in rats was statistically significant(x2 =11.04,P ＜ 0.05),in which Se-deficient protein-deficient group [66.7％ (8/12) ] was significantly higher than Se-adequate proteinadequate group [ 7.1％ ( 1 / 14),x2 - 11.06,P ＜ 0.05 ].GPX 1 positive rates in Se-deficient protein-deficient group,Se-adequate protein-deficient group,Se-deficient protein-adequate group and Se-adequate protein-adequate group were 0(0/12),81.8％(9/11 ),10.0％(1/10) and 100.0％(14/14),respectively,in rat myocardial tissue determined by immunohistochemistry.Of which,Se-adequate protein-deficient group and Se-adequate protein-adequate group were significantly higher than Se-deficient protein-deficient group and Se-deficient protein-adequate group(x2 =12.88,8.14 and 35.89,32.60,all P ＜ 0.05).The positive expression rates of TR2 in rats myocardial tissue of the four groups were 0(0/12),81.8％(9/11),0(0/10) and 100.0％(14/14),respectively.Of which,Se-adequate proteindeficient group and Se-adequate protein-adequate group were significantly higher than Se-deficient protein-deficient group and Se-deficient protein-adequate group (x2 =28.67,18.25 and 35.89,32.60,all P ＜ 0.05).The four groups'results of the overall mean of the relatively value of protein expression of GPX1 in cardiac tissue by Western blotting were 0.87 ± 0.13,1.18 ± 0.13,0.95 ± 0.13 and 1.74 ± 0.23,respectively.Through analysis of variance of factorial design,the effects of Se and protein on protein expression of GPX1 in the heart were statistically significant(F=124.93,43.16,all P＜ 0.05).And there was interaction between them(F=24.10,P＜ 0.05).The four groups'results of the overall mean of the relatively value of protein expression of TR2 in cardiac tissue by Western blotting were 0.63 ± 0.19,0.97 ± 0.24,0.55 ± 0.08 and 1.03 ± 0.31,respectively.Through analysis of variance of factorial design,the effect of Se on expression of TR2 in the heart was statistically significant(F =36.97,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Adequate Se and protein diet can increase the levels of GPX1 and TR2 in the heart compared to deficient Se and protein diet,can enhance anti-oxidizing ability,protect the myocardial endothelial cells,reduce degree of myocardial injury,and the combined effects of both are better.

Protective effect of selenium and vitamin E on rat myocardial oxidative injury / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To observe protective effects on rat serum cardiac enzymes and the antioxidant capacity of selenium and vitamin E.Methods According to body weight and 2 × 2 factorial design,eighty male Wistas rats were randomly divided into four groups:low selenium and low vitamin E group(feed containing 23.42％ of the low selenium yeast,excluding vitamin E),low selenium and adequate vitamin E group (feed containing 23.42％ of the low selenium yeast and vitamin E 160 mg/kg),adequate selenium and low vitamin E group(feed containing 46.84％ of the low selenium yeast and sodium seleni 0.25 mg/L in water,excluding vitamin E),adequate selenium and adequate vitamin E group(feed containing 46.84％ of the low selenium yeast,vitamin E 160 mg/kg and sodium selenite 0.25 mg/L in water),20 rats every group.Rats were feed with synthetic feed,and given intraperitoneal anesthesia after 26 weeks of feeding.Blood was collected to observe the impact of selenium and vitamin E on rat cardiac enzymes and myocardial antioxidant capacity and their interactions.Serum creatine kinase (CK) was measured using the continuous monitoring method,creatine kinase isozymes (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH ) using the immune suppression method,the whole blood GSH-Px assay using the dithiobis nitrohenzoic acid(DTNB) method,serum superoxide dismutase(SOD) using the xanthine oxidase method,total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) using the complex colorimetry method,the content of propylene glycol (MDA) using the thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method,and reactive oxygen species(ROS) using the colorimetric method.Results Group differences of serum CK,CK-MB,LDH,whole blood GSH-Px activity,serum T-AOC vitality,MDA and ROS content were statistically significant(F=9.797,17.041,48.399,3.744,224.900,49.384,5.045,all P＜ 0.05).Compared with the two low selenium groups and one adequate selenium group,the vitalities of CK,CK-MB,LDH and the contents of MDA[(1577.75 ± 451.87),(1239.15 ± 344.99),(884.25 ± 133.84)U/L,(5.688 ±1.169) × 103 nmol/L; (1474.21 ± 398.38),(1014.84 ± 215.40),(523.00 ± 98.05)U/L,(4.035 ± 0.487 ) × 103 nmol/L and (1180.10 ± 245.51),(948.75 ± 173.68),(676.70 ± 193.63)U/L,(3.406 ± 0.146) × 103 nmol/L]increased significantly in adequate selenium and adequate vitamin E group[( 1056.80 ± 250.98),(721.70 ±129.98),(404.65 ± 72.49)U/L,(3.010 ± 1.270) × 103 nmol/L,all P ＜ 0.05) ].The activity of GSH-Px was obviously increased in the two adequate selenium groups[ (96.611 ± 8.238) × 103,(103.024 ± 8.217) × 103 U/L,all P ＜ 0.05],compared with the two low selenium groups[ (60.356 ± 8.179) × 103,(63.117 ± 8.281) × 103 U/L].Selenium affected the activities of CK,CK-MB and LDH(F =27.09,31.58,29.66,all P＜ 0.01 ),and vitamin E affected the activities of CK-MB and LDH(F=18.9,11.2.all P＜ 0.01 ),but both selenium and vitamin E had no interactions on the activities of CK,CK-MB and LDH (F=0.02,0.001,2.22,all P＞0.05).Selenium affected the activity of GSH-Px and the content of MDA(F=6.74,95.68,all P＜ 0.05),vitamin E affected the activity of T-AOC,the contents of MDA and ROS(F=6.42,36.73,8.43,all P＜0.05),but selenium and vitamin E had interactions only on the content of MDA(F =13.82,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Long-term selenium or vitamin E deficiency,can reduce the body's antioxidant capacity,leading to the occurrence of myocardial injury.Selenium and vitamin E can improve the body's oxidation capacity,playing a role in myocardial protection.

A cohort study on mortality and risk of death among population diagnosis as dementia, at base-line survey, in Beijing / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the mortality and risk of death on dementia among ageing population.Methods A random sample including 2788 elderly residents was studied.Dementia was diagnosed under the two-phase procedure in 1997.In phase 1,questionnaire was administered,including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) tested.In phase 2,all the elderly who showed low MMSE score and some with normal MMSE score,were examined by neurologists.The clinical diagnosis of dementia was set up by two neurologists according to the criteria of DSM- Ⅲ -R and NINCDS-ADRDA.The same sample was followed up in 2000 and 2004 the same way and data on deaths and causes was gathered.The overall time for follow-up was 7.25 years.Results 171 cases with dementia were diagnosed from 2788 subjects in 1997,with a crude death rate(CDR) of dementia was 7.8 per 1000 person-years and age-standardized CDR as 5.5 per 1000 person-years.The death rate was increased exponentially with age.In the dementia group,the total number of deaths was 133,with the CDR as 236 per 1000 person-years and the age-standardized CDR as 206 per 1000 person-years,in the end of the survey.In the non-dementia group,the total number of deaths was 680,with CDR as 40 per 1000 person-years and the age-standardized CDR as 31 per 1000 person-years.The difference in the two groups was statistically significant.The hazard ratio (HR) of dementia death appeared to be the biggest in the 60-74-year group than the other groups.Data was analyzed with the Cox proportional hazards model after making necessary adjustment on potential covariates with the HR of dementia as 2.181 (95％CI:1.751-2.717).The HRs were 2.524 (95％CI:1.964-3.243) in Alzheimer's disease and 1.859 (95％ CI:1.213-2.850) in vascular dementia.Conclusion The CDR and HR of dementia were higher than the non-dementia group in the aging population,showing that dementia was one of the most important risk factors on death in the aging population.

Studies on the establishment of a method to detect HPV 6b E7-specific antibodies of serum and cervical secretion from patients with condyloma acuminatum and its epidemiological significance / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To establish a method for detection of the human papi 11 omavirus(HPV)6b E7-specific antibodies in serum and cervical secretion from patients with condyloma acuminatum(CA).Methods A full-length HPV 6b E7 gene was amplified by PCR from the CA tissue to construct the recombinant plasmid pET32a(+)/HPV 6b E7.The expression of prokaryotic protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot,then purified with Ni-NTA Agarose affinity column and used as an diagnostic antigen for establishing indirect ELISA method,to detect specific serum IgG and specific cervical secretion slgA from 56 CA patients,81 healthy control.Sera from 43 cervical cancer was served as control.HPV 6b DNA from 56 CA patients was identified by PCR.Results Data showed that the nucleotide homology of cloned sequence was 99.5%,compared to the standard sequences of HPV 6b E7 gene(GenBank accession number:NC001355).A high level expression of E7 fusion protein was obtained in prokaryotic expression system(40 μg/ml).Based on HPV 6b E7 fusion protein being used as coating antigen,results from ELISA showed that the absorbance rates(A)of serum IgG from CA,cervix cancer and healthy control groups were 1.82±0.48,1.36 ± 0.39 and 1.39 ± 0.27,respectively.The level of IgG antibody in the serum of CA group was significantly higher than that in cervix cancer group and healthy control(P＜0.05).The A values of cervical secretion sIgA in CA and healthy control groups were 0.63 ± 0.26 and 0.53 ± 0.06,respectively,while the level of sIgA antibody in the cervical secretion of CA group was also significantly higher than that in healthy controls(P＜0.05).The positive rate of HPV 6b E7 DNA in CA tissue was 78.6%(44/56)by PCR method.When compared the results measured by PCR,the HPV 6b E7-specific IgG and sIgA antibodies by ELISA used to detect the patients infected with HPV 6b infection,showed that the sensitivity rates were 68.2%(30/44)and 54.6%(24/44)respectively,and the specificity were all 100%(12/12).Conclusion Based on the serum and cervical secretion specific HPV 6b E7 antibodies from patients with CA to diagnose HPV 6b infection,results showed medium sensitivity and high specificity,and could further be used to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of HPV 6b infection.

Study on the incidence and risk factors of dementia in elderly residents from communities in Beijing / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the incidence of dementia and its risk factors among the elderly living in the community of Beijing. Methods A sample of 2788 elderly residents from Beijing were investigated regarding the incidence of dementia which was diagnosed using two-stage method in 1997. In the first stage, questionnaire was filled, including MMSE checked up. In the second stage, all the elderly who had lower MMSE score and some with normal MMSE score were examined by neurologists. The clinical diagnosis of dementia was set up by two neurologists according to the criteria of DSM- Ⅲ -R and NINCDS-ADRDA. The same sample was followed up on 2000 and 2004 by the same way, with the overall time for following-up as 7.25 years. Results 171dementias cases were diagnosed among the 2788 elderly in 1997. At the end of the survey, another 180 new cases developed. The average weighted incidence was 0.84/100 person year, adjusted by age (it's same followed), with 0.64/100 person year in males and 1.01/100 person years in females. The incidence of vascular dementia was 0.35/100 person years, with male as 0.39/100 person year and female as 0.32/100 person years. The incidence of dementia was increasing with age, but decreasing with time of education by Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis. Old age and illiterate appeared to be the risk factors for dementia. People with stroke history and elevated systolic blood pressure were risk factors for vascular dementia. Conclusion The incidence of dementia in the elderly in Beijing was higher than in other areas of China. Old age and illiterate were risk factors for dementia. Being male, illiterate, with stroke history and elevated systolic blood pressure were risk factors for vascular dementia.

An observation on antioxidant capacity of Keshan disease patients / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between myocardial damage and antioxidant capacity in vivo of Keshan disease patients and to analyze the possible pathogenesis. Methods In the period from 2005 to 2006, 41 chronic and latent Keshan disease cases were chosen as the case group from such serious endemic areas as Yongjin Village, Xinfa Village of Fuyu County, Fuan Village of Shangzhi County, Xinghuo Village of Wudalianchi County, 61 healthy people from the same area as internal controls, 48 healthy people from Xianglansan Village of Wangkui County, an un-endemic area, as external control. Fasting peripheral venous blood was collected from all the people. And blood selenium, glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) and suporoxide dismutase.(T-SOD) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were examined. Results Blood selenium level of the patient group [(34.80±13.30) μg/L], GSH-Px[(104.10±34.19)U/L]and T-SOD[(92.16±17.98)×103 U/L]actives were significantly lower than the internal control group [(41.24±13.57)μg/L, (118.57±25.49)U/L, (104.82±13.56)×103 U/L]and the external control group [(48.33±16.51)μg/L, (155.00±24.01)U/L, (108.48±12.73)×103 U/L], respectively, with a statistically significant difference(all P < 0.05). MDA level of the patient group[(7.12± 1.37)μmol/L]was higher than that in the internal control group[(5.36±1.18)μmol/L]and the external control group[(5.22±0.83)μmol/L]with a statistically significant differences(both P < 0.05). The blood selenium level, GSH-Px activity of internal control group was resoectively lower than that in the external control group, the differences being statistically significant(beth P < 0.05). Conclusions Selenium deficiency may lead to reduced antioxidant capacity and enhanced oxidative damage in Keshan disease patients in vivo. There may be a certain relationship between oxidative stress disorder and myocardial damage of Keshan disease.